Breve historia del racismo

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Los comienzos del siglo XVIII español estuvieron marcados por un duro conflicto, la Guerra de Sucesión, cuyo desenlace significó la aparición de un nuevo estado, al hilo del carácter de guerra civil que la lucha adquirió ante la opción borbónica de Castilla y austríaca de Aragón. A la autonomía que caracterizó la monarquía de los Austrias le sucedió un estado fuertemente centralizado. Como contienda internacional supuso la liquidación del Imperio español en Europa y el asentamiento de Inglaterra como gran potencia.

Las obras recientes acerca del periodo de Cardenas ya rara vez se ocupan de la comprension de los hombres y de la relacion de los hechos, por preocuparse demasiado de la definicion de ese periodo y de su ubicacion dentro de las revoluciones del siglo XX. esta es una excepcion a tan plausible practica cientifica; es un relato y no una interpretacion.

The abolition of judicial torture—alongside the eradication of both slavery and capital punishment—was one of the most consequential issues debated in eighteenth-century continental Europe. A revealing component of this controversial debate was presented in the unpublished "Discurso sobre la injusticia del apremio judicial," written by the attorney Pedro Garcia del Canuelo. Seeking support for its publication, he forwarded the manuscript to Prime Minister Manuel Godoy in 1795. The savvy Spanish politician, however, not only rejected the text but also warned its author against further...